The Target Market of Trace Restaurant at W Hotel San Francisco Research Paper

The Target Market of Trace Restaurant at W Hotel San Francisco - Research Paper Example The fact that the menus depend on the local season is a sign of ensuring, visitors get to understand the local food pattern alongside the culture and environment. The restaurant has a wide variety of sea foods and meats. This is to carter for needs of the different tourists’ background. This is the reason the place is frequented by people on business travel, tourists, travelling sports people/ enthusiasts and fresh residents who want to get a feel of San Francisco as they settle. The pricing is steep and intended to lure the upper middle class and the high income earners. Apparently, these are the people who can afford to tour the world and stand the seemingly exuberant prices. An average drink costs from a minimum of $5.5 and that would be plain coffee! A simple meal goes for a minimum of $16 a plate. An example would be Fried Quail, few spoons of hazelnut and minor accessories such as olive leaves. Otherwise, an average meal would stand at $30 and higher per person. This is a deterrent factor for the residents because they can manage to make more of the same in the comfort of their homes. This is maintained based on the frequency of tourists, holiday makers and other travelers who seek high quality meals for a brief period of time. The restaurant is located in the center of SoMa district, which is in the downtown area of San Francisco (Jensen and Parr 2). It is three streets accessing the markets to the northwest and the south. The east ends with the San Francisco bay, a major global tourist attraction. The panoramic city line view combines well with the picturesque views of the Bay Bridge to ensure a breathtaking environment (Michelin North America, Inc 242). This has made the area a popular venue in for the film industry screening sessions, major fashion events, glamorous music shows, museums and art exhibitions. Therefore, the stylish and luxury design of the Trace

Controlling Child Pornography on the Usenet Article

Controlling Child Pornography on the Usenet - Article Example So it is easily understandable that anonymity serves as the key for such criminals, which they feasibly use as a protective shell. The catch-22 is that the complete censorship of CP on Usenet cannot be implemented easily since that is somewhat impossible without banning the internet because Usenet is basically served by the internet. And why just strike out a war against Usenet when the percentage of CP on the internet is basically even larger? The cutting truth is, pornography can never be simply rooted out and finished forever since it really grows vigorously. Amidst darkness, the scintillating hope is that lately many Usenet communities have been reported to be curbed after important measures observed at the Government level. Internet Service Providers have been forced to shut down Usenet access at many places in order to cut down the incessant demand of child porn. Cuomo crackdown is a well known open war happening against the erotic newsgroups of Usenet. â€Å"NY State attorney Andrew Cuomo has managed to get two more ISPs to join his ‘Crusade’ against Usenet child porn.† (Roettgers, 2008). America Online is among the ISPs who have agreed to do something about blocking CP and once it denies access to newsgroup servers, the Usenet is sure to become a less attractive magnet for cybercriminals. Another fact supporting the rampage against Usenet is that Recording Industry Association of America sued Usenet for trillions of dollars, criticizing it as the network of illicit file sharing sites. Still saying that cyber censo rship alone can play a vital role in stemming down CP is not actually true, since a large number of new Usenet groups and web servers are created daily.

Analysing The Hotel Industry Of Singapore Tourism Essay

Analysing The Hotel Industry Of Singapore Tourism Essay Introduction: the hotel industry of Singapore is suitable and adoptable for kind of customers having right from the minimum budget to star rated. The challenges exists in the Sing htl ind is purely based on the price, location and convenience because all the facilities are mostly provided by all the hotels so it is very difficult for the customers to differentiate the service provided by the hotels. Since it is tough to differentiate the service rendered by the hotels, many hotels are involved in creating a niche market, like providing unique facilities to the customers for example honeymoon packages, specialists holidays, etc. The Singapore hotel industry experiences a very high growth rate in luxury travel market, high -end travelers market and family travel market in the past months. The recent economy reveals the restaurant sector has market Growth rate of sixteen percentage because of the increase in the consumer spending on sit down meals. The eating out habit has become a life style for the youth and even for the middle aged married couples with their children and these aspects stresses on the importance of healthy food. Nowadays, the consumers are expecting different styles of food and drink from the various parts of the world and all these shows if the hotel provides a variety and healthy food and drink, it will be able to attract more customers in the future. The Singapore travel and tourism market shows a high growth by having the occupancy rate of 90% in the past one year. The Singapore governments effort in providing low cost service airlines and its efforts to triple the tourists to Singapore in the coming up years. The 30% increase in the trade conferences and exhibitions conducted in Singapore has also revealed that the hotel industry in Singapore has very good business opportunities in the coming up years and if proper, good development strategies are adopted by the hotels, they will be able to earn a large market share in turn more profit. Backgrounds: . The MHCCH is located in three acres of prestigious land in Singapore. The hotel is very near to the tourist attractions like a theme park, a museum, etc. The management has made many changes in the infrastructure facilities of the hotel by adding luxury bedrooms, a bistro; a beauty salon .The hotel has also purchased a land near to that for expansion and modernized the hotel for creating new business opportunities. In order to give a luxurious appearance for the hotel, the management has created a new spacious foyer and the hotel has also started a beauty salon to offer beauty treatments to its customers. Problem of the case: By analyzing the scenario of hotel industry, i undertake SWOT analysis of the hotel MHCCH and help the newly joined partner of MHCCH to select the best strategy out of the below mentioned strategies namely sell the cash cow, undertake no serious steps or undergo diversification in business so that he will be in a position to convince the other partners of MHCCH. In this case , the challenges in the external and internal environment industry and the analysis regarding the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the MHCCH is to be done. In the second part of the study, with the help of utilizing Ansoff matrix and Porters Grid, how the management can improve the profit in the next two years and for that what strategic decisions it has to take are discussed. Challenges in the micro and macro environment: Business environment is classified into three environments namely Internal environment, Market environment and External environment.Many variables which are existing in the internal and external environment affects the company (MHCCH) either positively or negatively. So before taking strategic decisions, it is important to analyze these environments to find out the factor which highly influences the customers of the hotel industry. The following table focuses on the key factors of the three environments. Micro Environment Market Environment Macro Environment Vision, Mission, Objectives of the Hotel Climate Assets Capability of the management Consumers Suppliers Competitors Intermediaries Social Technological Legal Political Economic Physical The main challenges which need to be assessed in the internal and external environment are that hotel has to concentrate on different type customers like corporate guests and other kind of guests like nature lovers, family oriented and managing the hotel to delight these customers becomes a challenging work in the field of marketing. So in order to delight these consumers, the hotel should monitor the changing expectations of these customers and should try to delight them. The employees of a hotel play a major role in attracting the customers. The hotel should try to recruit skilled persons because the quality of service rendered by the employees acts as an important factor in delighting the customers. So getting skilled and qualified employees is another challenge in the hotel business environment. The hotel should try to have good suppliers (Electricity, soft drinks carbonated water, Perfumes, cosmetics other toilet preparations, different kinds of liquors, Soap and detergents, etc) who provide products/ services with good quality and good intermediaries who are in direct contact with the customers before they enter into the hotel. Apart from these challenges, the hotel should also focus on the socio- cultural changes (changes in the preferences of the customers), political changes (changes in the law), and technological changes (providing variety food, appearance of the hotel, introducing packages, etc,). SWOT Analysis: Before selecting a strategic option for the marketing plan of MHCCH, the hotel should do SWOT analysis to find out its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strength deals with the hotels core competencies and the weaknesses of the hotel deals with the present drawback which has to be rectified in order to capture the customers in the future. Strengths and Weaknesses mainly focus on the factors which are fully under the control of management but the opportunities and threats focuses on the business environment. Opportunity deals with the market which yields more profit to the hotel that is the area to be covered by the hotel to earn more customers in turn more profit. Threat deals with the factors which are to be considered seriously before taking any business decision. SWOT analysis of MHCCH is discussed below. Strengths of MHCCH: The employees of the hotel are having good experience in customer care in order to provide quality service; the MHCCH has invested a lot in changing the appearance of the hotel and in providing different styles of food and also already the MHCCH is having satisfied customers ( revealed in the table non-business guests occupancy rate). The hotel is situated very close to other entertainment locations. The credit worthiness of the hotel is high that we can take the fund from bank in order to do the successful performance of the hotel. Weaknesses of MHCCH: Corporate and family non business guests occupancy rate is low and so the company has to invest a lot in adding facilities to the hotel. Opportunities of MHCCH: Nowadays consumers like to eat outside in restaurants rather than before and they dont hesitate in spending more money tasting different varieties of food. Eating out style of the youngsters and middle aged married people has become very common. Singapore governments decision to triple the investment in the tourism industry shows that there are large opportunities for MHCCH to capture more customers and in turn to improve profit. Threats of MHCCH: Competitors are the major threat of MHCCH. Due to the lack of differentiation in the hotel industry, the competition is fully based on the price, location and convenience. The hotel has to face competition from the hotels of same infrastructure and also from motels. The hotels which are dealing with niche markets will also acts as a good competitor for MHCCH. In order to attract the customers of different age group, the hotel has to focus on changing the appearance of the hotel, providing food of different countries, etc costs more but still the hotel has to invest and at the same time the hotel cannot fix a high price for its services because the competition mainly focuses on the price. The hotel has to focus on the packages too because the small hotels may capture the market by providing specialized facilities in one area alone like for example honeymoon packages alone. Conclusion: Thus the challenges in the micro, market, macro environments of hotel industry are discussed. The SWOT analysis revealed that the MHCCH has more strengths and opportunities when compared to weaknesses and threats. Since the opportunities are high, revealed by increase in the market growth rate and the capacity of the MHCCH to raise fund from the banks and the availability of space for further expansion activities to be carried out by the MHCCH is good and with this strength, the MHCCH has more power to capture the market share. The MHCCH need not worry about the threats posed by the competitors if MHCCH have an eye on competitors price and variety of services provided by them. So with the help of its strengths, the MHCCH can move forward to attract more customers. b) Ansoffs Matrix: The Ansoff matrix is a technique that aids people in the business field to take decisions regarding product development and market growth strategy. Ansoff matrix focuses on the new products and the product already in the market in order to increase the profit of the business. The Ansoffs 3* 3 box grid or matrix: Markets Market Development Partial Diversification Diversification Market Expansion Limited Diversification Partial Diversification Market Penetration Product Expansion Product Development Products The major four boxes are Market Development, Market Penetration, Product Development and Diversification. Market Penetration: It suggests the business people to focus on existing customers and on their own products what they are producing currently. If the business person adopts this strategy then his major objectives will be Improve the market share of current products by fixing lower prices when compared to the competitors, advertising and sales promotion, etc. There are many advantages in introducing low prices , they are capturing more market and the low profit earned by the existing players makes the new entrants to have fear in starting the business in that sector. The MHCCH can go for introducing lower prices for the services but it should not incur any loss. The price reduction strategy to be adopted by MHCCH will not yield any benefit because already the hotel is having good occupancy rate in the case non business guests. And also the hotel is planning to invest a lot in the improvement of the hotel, so all these costs will be reflected in the price of the services rendered by the MHCCH. Even though the price war exists among the players of the hotel industry, for MHCCH, since it is having loyal customers, it is better to go for introducing new packages for the customers, rather than reducing the price. Market Development: It suggests the business people to focus on new customers and the existing products. Finding out new customers for the product. The MHCCH can also go for identifying the new customers like honey moon packages, etc. Product Development: It suggests the business people to focus on the existing customers and new innovative products. (MHCCH) can focus on this aspect. it can select the last option specified in the case, expand the business by investing in buying an external property that means the expansion of a bar or restaurant to capture the customers. By providing healthier, tasty and variety food style and drinks to the different country people, the MHCCH will be able to capture more customers (corporate guests) from different countries .And also the table revealed that the corporate guests occupancy rate is very low and so by implementing the above mentioned facilities, it will be able to capture more corporate guests and if they are satisfied ,the corporate guests will come and stay with their family, profit will be improved. Diversification: It suggests the business person to focus on the new customers and the new products that is entering into an entirely different field. Business people will take up this strategy when they want to diversify the risk of loss in the existing business. This case revealed that the competition is more and there are more prospects to earn a very high profit. Selling a cash cow and entering into diversification is not good because this hotel business itself has lot of prospects which is revealed by the Singapore governments decision to spend more than $4 billion in order to attract more and more number of tourists to singapore. So its good for the MHCCH to be in the business rather than diversification. Porters Grid: Threats of New Entrants: More number of business conferences and meetings are being held in Singapore. the occupancy of hotel room rate being as high as in the past few months, Government of Singapore effort to improve the tourism industry attracts more players into this field. Infrastructure facilities, scale of economies and differentiation of product may act as entry barriers and so the MHCCH has to focus on these aspects. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Presence of more competitors in the Singapore hotel industry makes the consumers to demand more from the hotels regarding price, quality and innovative (variety of food, other facilities, etc) products. From the case, it is revealed that a tough competition occurs in the Singapore hotel industry, price plays a major role and its root cause is the customers expectation regarding quality and price and this strengthens the buyers power. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The hotel industry is having a very high relationship with the other industries and so the supplier bargaining power is high in the hotel sector but if the competition is more in the other industries too then the supplier bargaining power can be reduced in the hotel industry and it is essential to study still more regarding the prevalence of competition in the suppliers industries. Threat of substitutes products / services: The economic hotels and motels may be the threat for the product of the substitute to MHCCH but concentrating on factors like fast food establishments which includes the surrounding environment, services provided by the catering department at the affordable price. Conclusion: Since the corporate guests occupancy rate is very low, the MHCCH can focus on the area of amenities and services provided in order to capture more customers and in turn to improve profit. The MHCCH can go for providing different styles of food in order to attract the customers from foreign countries. According to my views , I suggest the MHCCH to select the last option expand by investing in external property and after getting some returns it can slowly move on to the third option -expand by investing in the site. The MHCCH can carry out the survey in order to search new facilities expected by the customers and also what the MHCCH s competitors are doing to attract the customers and based on the results the MHCCH can decide the strategy to be adopted by the hotel in future. Since there are a lot opportunities in the hotel industry, the MHCCH can go for making investments in order to earn profit in future. The MHCCH can convince the other partners by explaining the payback period of the investments to be made by it.

Tragic Character Flaws in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde a

In the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the main character Dr. Henry Jekyll is a respectable doctor who experiments to separate his good and evil sides from each other. Dr. Jekyll eventually runs out of the contaminated potion and his evil side takes over. In The Monkey’s Paw the White family takes possession of a monkey’s paw that had a spell put on it granting three men three wishes. After not knowing what to wish for and the urging of his wife and son, Mr. White makes his wishes and realizes there are consequences for his choices. In The Demon Lover the character Mrs. Drover goes back to her old house in London to transfer items to her new home. She finds a mysterious letter and realizes she never knew her former fiancà © completely and is terrified for the day she would see his face. While she was on the way back to her current home, she gets abducted by a taxi driver who she recognizes as the soldier she said goodbye to twenty five years ago. In The Possib ility of Evil, the main character is an old lady who sends letters to clean her town of evil and eventually gets caught. The novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, the short stories The Monkey’s Paw written by W.W. Jacobs, The Demon Lover by Elizabeth Bowen, and The possibility of Evil by Shirley Jackson all have characters who experience a downfall because of a tragic flaw. In the novel, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, the well-known and well liked doctor in London does not want to ruin his respected reputation with the satisfying wrongdoings of his other side. Dr. Jekyll wanted his two identities to be separated so that â€Å"the just could walk steadfastly and securely on his upward path, doing the good things in which he found his pleas... ...use of her passion of keeping the world free of evil. In the world today there are many cases of people who do not get help when they might have PTSD until they have already hurt others. When any event causes the sufferer to remember the feelings associated with how they felt during the event that caused them to have post traumatic stress disorder, their rage could get hard to control if they do not get the help they need. In these characters and every human in real life, there is good and there is bad. Jekyll did not want to be caught being a criminal, the Whites’ tried to be sensible about their wishes but still took a wish they did not need, Mrs. Drover feared and worried too much, and Miss Strangeworth did not mind her own business. We as humans judge others, worry too much about not so important things, do bad sometimes, but we can also choose to do good.

Personal Responsibility and College Success

College Success: How Personal Responsibility Plays a Role College Success: How Personal Responsibility Plays a Role Little Johnny walks into a classroom and sits down with the rest of the class. As the bell rings the teacher asks all students to turn in their homework. The teacher notices that Johnny does not turn in anything and asks him â€Å"Where’s your homework? † His response, â€Å"The dog ate it! † In today’s society it is much easier to blame others for your actions instead of taking full responsibility for your own.Handling certain situations in your life, whether it be school, work, or social events requires some type of personal responsibility. Personal responsibility is showing accountability for the obligations that a person has control over. This means that you have to be accountable for your actions in the situations that you are involved in whether they are in your control or not. Being responsible will help to reach your goals in life whe n it comes to your school, career and family. In order in to succeed in college you have to be a responsible student. Love being a student.When people get married they take on the role of being a spouse. With this role comes responsibility. Nurturing the relationship, children to raise, bills to pay, cleaning, and cooking are just some of the responsibilities that married couples have. However, they love the role of the spouse (otherwise they would not have gotten married) and with loving the role they easily take on the responsibilities. As a student, you have to use the same approach. When we love being a student, responsibilities will not seem like dreadful tasks, but will be something we love to do.Not only much you love your new role you have to own it. Steven goes to Carmax and buys a new car. Being the owner of a new car, he has responsibilities of taking care of it. Regular oil changes, inspections, new tires, and rotation are just of the tasks that come along with regular m aintenance. Same as being a student, owing your role will help you succeed in college. Regular reading, attending class, studying for examations is just the regular maintenance that you have to do to be successful. Once you love and own your role of being a student, living the student life comes into play.Mothers have the life of taking care of the children, cleaning, cooking, and running errands. Fathers have the life of going to work and providing for his family. Teachers have the life of teaching their students information, grading papers, and helping students who have fallen behind. Everyone has a life and many have different lives. Being a student you have to live the student life. Doing homework, not staying out late, plan your assignments and projects ahead are all a part of the student life. By incorporating personal responsibility into my education will also help me succeed and eventually help me graduate.Developing an action plan and incorporating it in your life will also help you succeed in college. Time management and planning will be the biggest responsibility. If you have a busy life already and have added school into your life, it would be beneficial to map and plan out your day ahead of time. Your time may be tight but being responsible and sticking to your to-do list will help you get everything done and be prepared for the next day. Also not procrastinating will also help you become a responsible student.Everyone has his or her days where they do not want to do anything and just be lazy. However, this will not help you succeed in where you want to be. Continuing to remind yourself to complete your tasks will help you in getting things done. Finally, another action plan is money management. School is expensive and being responsible for money now and in the future will help. Only borrowing what you need and making planning financially while in school will benefit you in college. Personal responsibility plays a major role in everyone’s l ife.Whether it is school, personal, or work, being responsible will help you accomplish so much out of life. Love, owing, and living the life of a student are tools to help you get a handle on being responsible in school. Planning ahead and time and money management will also help you in college and help you succeed. Plan on being responsible for all you actions in the situations that you have placed yourself in and whatever life may throw in your way. Going back to school was probably a big decision for you and so plan on making the most out of it.

Global Household Brand Essay

Executive summary After a review of the â€Å"Global Household Brand† article, I was assigned the task of reviewing your business and to provide a well-detailed critique on global households’ brands. I will develop a strategy; identify the likely cause of the company’s financial woes. The major factor on the poor financial performance of the company is that of competitive strategy and differences in operational effectiveness. Ineffective management strategies have led the company to lose lots of profit (Michael E, 1998). Its lack of a clear strategy on how to effectively compete with big marketers has made it either to exit the market or to end up in the financial mess.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The company must continuously improve the level of its operational effectiveness, and income must be increased and regulated. Sustainable performance will largely be dependent on global household brand having a strategic position (Tony P, 2000). There is need to evaluate consumers’ trend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Company and Industry Overview Global household brands has lost the image she built as a leading producer and marketer of a variety of â€Å"niche† dentifrice products that includes polident, powdered aspirin, household cleaning brands among a few others to company characterized with lack of customers and loss making one. The company initially thrived on venturing in new markets and exiting them when the competition became a little bit stiff. The restructuring of the company together with other measures to bring a change in the financial fortunes of the company have only helped to worsen the situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, the firm has intention of reinventing itself to turn around its fortunes so as to be competitive and generate revenue in a continuous and sustainable manner. In the mid 1990s, when various big marketers such as Clorox, S.C Johnson, and Arm and Harmer began competing against global household brand’s 2000 flush automatic toilet bowl cleaners, X-14 mildew as well as soap scum removers and carpet fresh carpet refreshers, the company decided to exited the group of products due to their inability to gain substantial market share.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During this period the company was not anywhere close to the red line, actually it was worth around $1.5 million. The exit made by global households brand did not seem to affect its profitability within the markets. The items it dealt with were in areas considered less competitive which enabled her to rake in high amounts of profits on their line up to branded products. During the period 1995-98 the profits started to drop by about 10-15% per annum.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Their potential to stay at least in the market was waning. The sale of their brands as well as the hiring and restructuring their management executive did not seem to over turn the events. Eventually after global household brand had had their sales drop from $130million to $ 70 million they decided to hire Goldman Sachs to sell their brand of products. After about one and a half years with Goldman at the helm, the sales figures were not anywhere near $100 that Goldman had promised. The deterioration in the sales figure was as a result of lack of competitive marketing strategy and difference in operation effectiveness. This was in spite of the company being given the green light about their customers respect for their brands of products. Analysis In the mid 1990s the company was worth about $1.5 billion. In the period 1995 to 1998 the sales of the firm was falling at a rate between 10 and 15% per annum. This in effect demonstrates the ability of the company to generate high profits. During the late 1990s onwards the firm did not efficiently output. The consistent drop in the sales figure was a testimony to this. In spite of all the changes and various measures the firm was taking, it was still not able to generate the projected profit margins. Despite the fact that the consumers have greatly respected their brand of products it was not able to capitalize on this factor to turn into huge profits. Strengths Consumers for its high quality of products very well recognize global households brands. This in addition to the mature nature of the household cleaning products industry is a plus for the company. The company is also much leveraged in the industry. The company also has a superior marketing V.P with such attributes as unique talents and is also very experienced as well as brilliant strategies. This is in addition to the talented R and D director it has on its board. All these factors will aid the management in turning around the fortunes of the firm. With all these talent and experience at their disposal the company would be starting from a vantage position in its path to recovery. The industry also seems to be very mature meaning the future of the company with its continued operations is bright. Weaknesses The firm has not effectively and in most cases deliberately not considered heavily investing in advertising and marketing to compete with her competition. The new operations manager also seems to be having a bad inter personal relationship with other employees within the firm. Global sales department has not met its past targets. Opportunity Trends The general trend within the industry seems to be in favor of household cleaning products. The overview of the general industry seems to suggest that it is leveraged and that household cleaning products industry is mature. This presents the company with the chance to exploit and increase its revenue. The maturity of the company shows that if it can invest largely without so many risks involved as uncertainty. Competitive Analysis Such companies like Clorox, S.C Johnson among others seem to be the greatest competition for the firm. They have heavily invested in their marketing strategies and in the end endeared themselves to their customers. Strategic options Global households, has been constantly pioneering various ranges of products over the past years. Before the entry of the big marketers it was the seen as the pioneer of household cleaning products. In addition to this, it has produced quality products. In fact, a recent survey suggests that most customers acknowledge the high quality of their products. The strategy of quitting and finding a new brand of products has been its main stay and now that it has run out of options and its very existence is threatened it must consider other options (Michael E, 1998). Since global households brand has come to the acknowledgment that it has to alter its business strategy so as to keep alive in the industry, it has few options left. First, it can adopt the differentiation strategy. This would require global household brand to build customer loyalty. In order to accomplish this, it has to position its products as well as services in unique ways that would appeal to the customers. In other words, the products will seek to be better than those of its competitors. The second option that the business may explore is that of focus strategy. This alternative takes into account the heterogeneity of many markets and industries. As such, there exist a lot of various customer segments with varying needs, wants as well as characteristics. The basic principle under this strategy is to put emphasis on selecting one segment(s), identify customers with special needs, interests and wants among other things and approach them. Global households brand could also employ the third option of horizontal integration. Under this strategy will be selling its products in various markets. In order to acquire the market coverage, it will have small subsidiary firms created. This would enable it compete with compete with its competitors effectively. Recommendations Within the last few years, global household brand has undergone a number of drastic changes. It has been forced to sell part of its brands, and almost the banks are about to call the loans given to it. One of the primary reasons global households has failed to meet its sales target is its inability to effectively market and appeal to the market. This is what her competition have done and thereby edged her out. Since the competitors have done the marketing really well, GHB has to effectively market itself or just face the possibilities of winding up. The second problem facing the company has been that of management. The manager has to learn to develop interpersonal relationship with his juniors. Alternatively, the New CEO or management team should meet people who worked at the Block drug before and find out what really problem was. This would enable them to have a better understanding of the firm’s woes as well as its triumphs. The management should also approach the financing Bank, and talk them out of calling the loans on the investors. Finally the $5million should be reduced with picked interest       References: Michael E. Porter, on competition, 1998, Harvard Business School Press Tony Proctor, 2000, Strategic Marketing: An introduction, Rout ledge. Alfred D. Chindler, Peter Haqstom, Orjan Solvell, 1999, the Dynamic Firm. The role of technology, strategy, organization, and regions, Oxford University Press.

the lost boy essays

the lost boy essays Could you imagine your own mother beating you, burning you, and treating the family dogs better then you? Quite unimaginable to me, but that is what David Pelzer had to go through. My book is the second of a three book series about the true story of David Pelzer. Ever since David was the age of 5 years old to maybe nine, his mother started to hurt him. She told him that he was a bad boy and deserved it all; it was some kind of game to her. At times she would curse at him, beat him vigorously, burn him, make him eat out of the trash, and starve him for days. The only time he really ate was at school during lunch because he would just steal food. When he got home from school he was givin a long load of chores. Sometimes he got the scraps from dinner, but often times on weekends he didnt eat the whole weekend because there was no school. At night, he would sleep on an old army cot with no blankets. Very rough and harsh living conditions for a little boy, but he thought he deserved it because she [his mother] always said he did, and he had no one to tell him that she was wrong. Every night he would hear his parents after he was in bed. He heard them fighting about him. His father knew little of what was going on because he was often at work. He noticed the significant difference in the way his mother treated David versus his other two brothers. He often told her she was wrong and she would just talk about David as if he was some kind of animal, only referring to him as It or the boy. When things came down to it, however, Davids father would One incident was at about seven to eight at night, and Davids parents began to fight once again. Them both being alcoholics did not much help the situation. David heard his mom screaming about how ...

Electrochemistry Calculations Using the Nernst Equation

Electrochemistry Calculations Using the Nernst Equation The Nernst equation is used to calculate the voltage of an electrochemical cell or to find the concentration of one of the components of the cell. The Nernst Equation The Nernst equation relates the equilibrium cell potential (also called the Nernst potential) to its concentration gradient across a membrane. An electric potential will form if there is a concentration gradient for the ion across the membrane and if selective ions channels exist so that the ion can cross the membrane. The relation is affected by temperature and whether the membrane is more permeable to one ion over others. The equation may be written: Ecell E0cell - (RT/nF)lnQ Ecell cell potential under nonstandard conditions (V)E0cell cell potential under standard conditionsR gas constant, which is 8.31 (volt-coulomb)/(mol-K)T temperature (K)n number of moles of electrons exchanged in the electrochemical reaction (mol)F Faradays constant, 96500 coulombs/molQ reaction quotient, which is the equilibrium expression with initial concentrations rather than equilibrium concentrations Sometimes it is helpful to express the Nernst equation differently: Ecell E0cell - (2.303*RT/nF)logQ at 298K, Ecell E0cell - (0.0591 V/n)log Q Nernst Equation Example A zinc electrode is submerged in an acidic 0.80 M Zn2 solution which is connected by a salt bridge to a 1.30 M Ag solution containing a silver electrode. Determine the initial voltage of the cell at 298K. Unless youve done some serious memorizing, youll need to consult the standard reduction potential table, which will give you the following information: E0red: Zn2aq 2e- → Zns -0.76 V E0red: Agaq e- → Ags 0.80 V Ecell E0cell - (0.0591 V/n)log Q Q [Zn2]/[Ag]2 The reaction proceeds spontaneously so E0 is positive. The only way for that to occur is if Zn is oxidized (0.76 V) and silver is reduced (0.80 V). Once you realize that, you can write the balanced chemical equation for the cell reaction and can calculate E0: Zns → Zn2aq 2e- and E0ox 0.76 V 2Agaq 2e- → 2Ags and E0red 0.80 V which are added together to yield: Zns 2Agaq → Zn2a 2Ags with E0 1.56 V Now, applying the Nernst equation: Q (0.80)/(1.30)2 Q (0.80)/(1.69) Q 0.47 E 1.56 V - (0.0591 / 2)log(0.47) E 1.57 V

How to Spot the Scorpius Constellation

How to Spot the Scorpius Constellation The Scorpius constellation glitters against the backdrop of the Milky Way. It has a curvy S-shaped body ending in a set of claws at the head and a pair of stinger stars at the tail. Both northern and southern hemisphere stargazers can see it, although it will look upside down when observed from below the equator. Finding Scorpius Constellation Northern hemisphere summer skies, looking south. Carolyn Collins Petersen In the northern hemisphere, Scorpius is most visible by looking to the south during July and August around 10:00 PM. The constellation remains visible until mid-September. In the southern hemisphere, Scorpio appears very high in the northern part of the sky until close to the end of September. Scorpius has a distinctive shape and thus is fairly easy to spot. Simply look for an S-shaped pattern of stars between the constellations Libra (the scales) and Sagittarius, and below another constellation called Ophiuchus.   History of Scorpius Scorpius has long been recognized as a constellation. Its roots in mythology stretch back to the ancient Babylonians and Chinese, as well as Hindu astrologers and Polynesian navigators. The Greeks associated it with the constellation Orion, and today we often hear the tale of how both constellations are never seen together in the sky. Thats because, in the ancient legends, the scorpion stung Orion, killing him. Keen observers will notice that Orion sets in the east as the scorpion rises, and the two will never  meet.  Ã‚   The Stars of the Scorpius Constellation The official IAU constellation of Scorpius shows the boundaries of the entire region that contains the S-shaped pattern of the scorpion. IAU/Sky Publishing At least 18 bright stars make up the curving body of the starry scorpion. The larger region of Scorpius is defined by the I boundaries set by the International Astronomical Union. These were made by international agreement and allow astronomers to use common references for stars and other objects in all areas of the sky. Within that region, Scorpius has dozens of stars that can be seen with the naked eye, and part of it lies against the backdrop of the Milky Way with its countless stars and clusters.   Each star in Scorpius has a Greek letter next to it in the official star chart. The alpha (ÃŽ ±) denotes the brightest star, beta (ÃŽ ²) the second-brightest star, and so on. The brightest star in Scorpius is ÃŽ ± Scorpii, with the common name of Antares (meaning the rival of Ares (Mars). Its a red supergiant star and is one of the largest stars we can see in the sky. It lies about 550 light-years away from us. If Antares were part of our solar system, it would encompass the inner solar system out beyond the orbit of Mars. Antares is traditionally thought of as the heart of the scorpion and is easy to spot with the naked eye.   Scorpius (upper right) along with Sagittarius (lower left). Notice how the Milky Way makes a backdrop for the two star patterns. The object marked Sag A* is the location of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy. Carolyn Collins Petersen The second-brightest star in Scorpius is actually a triple-star system. The brightest member is called Graffias (alternatively its also called Acrab) and its official designation is ÃŽ ²1 Scorpii. Its two companions are much fainter but can be seen in telescopes. Down at the tail end of Scorpius lies a pair of stars colloquially known as the stingers. The brighter of the two is called gamma Scorpii, or Shaula. The other stinger is called Lesath.   Deep Sky Objects in Constellation Scorpius A selection of deep-sky objects awaits stargazers who search the skies in Scorpius and Sagittarius. Its a great area of the sky to study with binoculars or small telescopes. Carolyn Collins Petersen   Scorpius is on the plane of the Milky Way. Its stinger stars point roughly toward the center of our galaxy, which means that observers can spot many star clusters and nebulae in the region. Some are visible to the naked eye, while others are best observed with binoculars or telescopes. Due to its location near the heart of the galaxy, Scorpius has a fine collection of globular clusters, marked here by yellow circles with symbols inside them. The easiest cluster to spot is called M4. There are also many open clusters in Scorpius, such as NGC 6281, that can be seen with binoculars or small telescopes. Closeup of M4 Globular clusters are satellites of the Milky Way galaxy. They often contain hundreds, thousands, or sometimes millions of stars, all tightly bound together by gravity. M4 orbits the core of the Milky Way and lies about 7,200 light-years away from the Sun. It has around 100,000 ancient stars more than 12 billion years old. This means they were born when the universe was quite young and existed before the Milky Galaxy was formed. Astronomers study these clusters, and in particular, the metal content of their stars to understand more about them.   The globular cluster Messier 4 (M4) lies not too far from the bright star Antares in Scorpius. Carolyn Collins Petersen   For amateur observers, M4 is easy to spot, not far from Antares. From a good dark-sky sight, its just bright enough to be picked out with the naked eye. However, its much easier to observe through binoculars. A good backyard-type telescope will show a very nice view of the cluster.

United States Surgical Corporation Audit Article

United States Surgical Corporation Audit - Article Example As the discussion stresses in 1981, USSC extended the useful lives of several of its fixed assets and adopted salvage value for many of these same assets for the first time. Are these changes permissible under generally accepted accounting principles? Assuming these changes had a material effect on USSC’s financial condition and results of operations, how should the change have affected Ernst & Whinney’s 1981 audit opinion? Assume that the current reporting standard were in effect at the time.  This paper outlines that the Securities and Exchange Commission was able to identify Michael S. Hope, a former partner of Ernst & Whinney.   He did the audit of the financial statements of United States Surgical Corporation in 1980 and 1981. Such statements appeared to be steady when it comes to the earnings of the company.   However, on the contrary, the company was losing money.   This case led to some charges filed against US Surgical.   In an investigation in 1984, it turned out that there were executives alleged of engaging in illegal practices.   Though SEC had pointed out US Surgical’s to be guilty of fraud, this was not a basis of defense against Ernst & Whinney.  Ernst & Whinney is a combination of companies with different cultures.   Such differences raised conflicts of interest between consulting and auditing.   Client opposition and antitrust issues caused so many problems.  Should the company focused on consulting, it could have had provided a better avenue for openness.   As consulting appears to be a friend of companies, on the other hand, conservative auditing was apparently an injustice to many companies. During this time, the auditor's report-- though should have been substantiated by figures-was dependent on the subjective opinion of the auditor. If the present professional means of audit in an objective approached is used during this time, it could have had been effective if coupled with consulting services. This would help the clients progress on their financial stability. They would concentrate on their strengths and work on their limitations to balance it off. QUESTION 3: Prepare common-sized financial statement for USSC for the period 1979-1981. Also compute key liquidity, solvency, activity, and profitability ratio for 1980 and 1981. Given these data, identify what you believe were the high-risk financial statement items for the 1981 USSC audit. ANSWER: The high risk financial statement items for 1981 USSC audit is in its profitability ratio. Retirement assets are recorded to be high. However, there is no concrete basis that supports nor aligns profit to assets, subjecting it to a doubt. QUESTION 4: What factors in the auditor-client relationship create a power imbalance in favor of the client Discuss measures that the profession could take to minimize the negative consequences of this power imbalance. ANSWER: Audit reports greatly rely on the auditor. Misstatements would lead to a false report that often became the basis of taking legal actions. A declaration of financial distress is crucial as it could create damage. On the other hand, the report of an auditor is affected by the way he understands the company. Although financial distress

Employment Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employment Law - Assignment Example The paper relates to the potential problem areas faced by Food Ltd, as in contractual period, opt-out agreement, shift timings, working hours, break timings, annual leaves and sick leaves and it advises the firm on how to handle these issue by providing a suitable solution in accordance with the employment law clauses and cases. This essay stresses that holiday pay is strictly a matter of contract. Compensation for idle time on holidays, where the payments are in amounts approximately equivalent to the employee’s normal earnings for a similar period of time, is excludable from the employees’ regular rate of pay for purposes of overtime compensation. When a contract specifies that an employee will receive idle time compensation for the holiday whether or not he works, the sum allocable to holiday pay is excluded from the computational of regular rate and may not be credited against overtime compensation due. The compensation paid for the hours worked on the holiday, however, is included in the computation of the regular rate in the same manner as other compensation for hours worked. There is no federal law governing holiday pay. However, almost universally, employers provide time off and compensation for at least a few of the major holidays. It is a common practice, however, for employers to awa rd holiday pay only to full-time employees and require employees to work the day before and the day after the holiday to receive holiday pay. ... employees' regular rate of pay for purposes of overtime compensation. When a contract specifies that an employee will receive idle time compensation for the holiday whether or not he works, the sum allocable to holiday pay is excluded from the computational of regular rate and may not be credited against overtime compensation due. The compensation paid for the hours worked on the holiday, however, is included in the computation of the regular rate in the same manner as other compensation for hours worked. 1.1.2 : Idle time compensation : In a contract providing that an employee will receive idle-time compensation for the holiday only if the employee does not work, one should be careful to include a provision to the effect that the employee forgoes or waives his/her right to idle-time compensation if the employee works on the holiday. The waiver will preclude any doubt as to what was intended. 1.1.3: Holiday pay and Law: There is no federal law governing holiday pay. However, almost universally, employers provide time off and compensation for at least a few of the major holidays. It is a common practice, however, for employers to award holiday pay only to full-time employees and require employees to work the day before and the day after the holiday to receive holiday pay. Changing workforce demographics have influenced the way some companies offer holiday pay and decide which days to close. The six most common paid holidays are New Years Day, Memorial day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. However, a company's industry and the market it serves are among the factors determining when a company will close. Banks, for example, are required to close on certain federal

Japan U.S. relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Japan U.S. relation - Essay Example In 1639, the shogunate commenced the isolationist sakoku ("closed country") policy spanning two and a half centuries of feeble political unity known as the Edo period. (Frost, 25-7) Late in the nineteenth century, abundance of the prerogative and the resignation of the shogunate led to the founding of a centralized state integrated under the name of the Emperor. Influenced by Western political, judicial and military institutions, the Cabinet prepared the Privy Council, brought in the Meiji Constitution, and assembled the Imperial Diet. This transformed the Empire of Japan into an industrialized world power that got into a number of military conflicts to increase the empire's sphere of authority. Today, Japan is a constitutional monarchy, with the powers of the Emperor being very limited. Seen as a ceremonial figurehead, the constitution defines him as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". (NDL, 1) Power is chiefly vested in the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected members of the Diet, while Japanese people are the root of the sovereignty. The relationships between U.S and Japan date back to the 1850's when Commodore Matthew Perry with his "Black Ships" sailed to Japan and signed the Convention of Kanagawa in order to initiate trade between Japan and U.S. This ended the sakoku policy of Japan and 300 year seclusion from the outside world. A few years later, the first Japanese embassy to the United States ever, was sent to ratify the new Treaty of Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation among the two regimes. Subsequent to the Meiji Restoration of 1867, the United States aided Japan in its modernization of its economy and of its military. This resulted in the new constitution of Japan being partly influenced by the United States Constitution. (Hay, 1) Diplomatic relations ended with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, drawing the United States into World War II. The war ended after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. After the end of the Second World War, Japan was taken under control by the Allied Powers, led by the United States. The San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, manifested the end of the Allied occupation, and Japan regained its independence on April 28, 1952. The early post-occupation period Japan needed direct United States economic assistance. The general Japanese public feeling of dependence decreased gradually as the devastating results of World War II faded into the background and commercial activities with the United States saw a significant growth. (Huntington, 3-17) Self-confidence increased as the country applied its assets and organizational skill to retrieve economic health. This led to a general want for greater autonomy from United States influence. Bilateral talks on improving the 1952 security pact started in 1959, and the new Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security was signed in Washington on January 19, 1960. The pact, when presented to the Diet for approval, stirred a bitter argument over the Japan-United States relationship and a violent all-out effort was made by the leftist opposition to thwart its passage. Under this treaty, both U.S and Japan assumed an obligation to aid each other in case of an armed attack on provinces under Japanese supervision. (LaFeber, 165) It was however implicit, that Japan could not come to

Mundell-Fleming model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mundell-Fleming model - Essay Example If the monetary policy is constant and is not modified, higher level of government spending might entail the sharp rise in the demand for money which in turn may lead to higher interest rates. As one knows from the course in macroeconomics, capital inflows that, the nation can receive in this scenario, may strengthen the exchange rate to the level that it can hamper the export operations of the private companies and thus reduce or even stultify any positive expansionist effect of the government spending. The following graph illustrates the model; it also provides the illustration on the effect that fiscal policy under floating exchange regime might cause on the economy of the country. Thus monetary policy is one of the most effective tools in the economic policy of the Government under floating exchange rate regime; if the government increases the supply of money, which leads to the reduction of the interest rates, which consequently entails capital outflow, that in turn depreciates exchange rates and consequently stimulates export activities in the country and leads to the expansion in the economy through higher level of net exports. 2 The opposite situation occurs under the regime of fixed exchange rates. As one can see under floating exchange rates in the short time period, the interest rate is bound to decrease (which might take more positive effect on the economy and stimulate investment activities in the country... First, there should be one "interest parity" condition. National interest rates on the bonds i should equal interest rates overseas i* with the expected rate of the depreciation of the exchange rate (Et (et+1 - et)). In the above mentioned equitation, e is a logarithm of the exchange rate (foreign currency denoted in national one), whereas Et is the expectations of the markets based on the time t information. As one can conclude from the situation mentioned, there is no difference between the profitability of national and foreign bonds; however as in current economic system, the capital is highly mobile so the two bonds could pay various interest rates only if the investors expect to receive some compensation from the differences in exchange rates. It is assumed in this model that the country is comparatively small in the global capital market and the foreign interest rate i* is exogenous in this case. (On this picture MM- short time equilibrium, whereas GM -goods market equilibrium, q long run equilibrium level of the real exchange rate, e exchange rate, C and B various levels of the economy). 3 The rate parity equitation in this case is written as the following: it +1 = i + Et (et +1- et), in this equation it +1 is the nominal exchange rate whereas (et +1- et) predicted rate of charge of exchange rate. Dornbusch's model was based on the assumption that there was no uncertainty in the economy; many observers also claim that above mentioned equation of uncovered interest parity is rather an exception from the rule, and the interest parity situation rarely happens in practice. According to equation of Dornbusch high interest rates might lead to the increase in the opportunity cost of keeping money and thus entail the decrease in the demand for money; the

Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes Essay

Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes - Essay Example Essential leadership characteristics include: leadership inspiration (feeling the need to lead but not by searching for power/leadership forcefully), drive, self-confidence (this accounts for emotional stability as a leader), integrity and honesty, knowledge, and intellectual ability. There is little proof that versatility, creativeness and charisma are traits that should be exhibited by leaders. Our belief is that the important leadership traits always come in handy in enabling a leader to acquire skills necessary for coming up with a desired achievable vision and taking the necessary measures in the implementation of the vision. This is a paper that is interested in highlighting the effectiveness and desirability of leadership traits universally with regard to being an international leader. I will show, in this paper on universal effectiveness and desirable leadership attributes that are constituted and exhibited by an international leader, illustration and some examples of the traits that an international leader should exhibit. Leadership has been described by some as the procedure of public influence that one individual can solicit the help and assistance of other people in a bid to successfully perform and conclude a prevalent task. Another common definition of leadership is that it is a process in which a particular person influences a group of people for the achievement of a common vision. (Northouse, 2007, p3). A leader is that said to be the person in charge of the group accomplishing the task. He is the one with the ability to his influence and other traits while commanding a group for the accomplishment of the desired task. Concepts of leadership In accordance to Bass, the concept of leadership declares that there exist three primary approaches to describe how individuals are initiated to leadership (Bass, 1990, pp. 20). The approach depicted in the first two describes the leadership growth for some individuals. One of the concepts of leadership is that a person may rise to the occasion when an important event or a looming crisis occurs making the individual to behave like a leader and exhibit some of the important traits necessary for leadership. An example of such a leader is Nelson Mandela. He grew up i n South Africa a normal person like any other but due to the invasion of South Africa by colonialist he rose to the occasion to fight for the independence of his people and this made him recognised as a hero. This is called the great events concept. The other trait is referred to as the Trait concept (Schwartz 2010). This is the concept that says that some individual traits will act as a natural guide to people that will lead them leadership tasks/roles. The third concept is the process or transformational leadership concept. It states that leadership traits can be learnt and thus people have the ability to become leaders by choice. Global leadership The interdisciplinary research of the key components that leaders of the future in all areas of the personal expertise should obtain to successfully get familiar themselves with the emotional, physical, regional, anthropological, geopolitical and sociological results of globalization is referred to as global leadership (Hayes, 2011). Gl obal leadership takes place when a person or a group of people get around collaborative initiatives of distinct stakeholders through ecological sophistication towards a perspective by utilizing a global attitude. As an effect of styles, that start at colonialism and get perpetuated by the increase in press channels, advancement that come to being due to interconnection on networks

INDIVIDUAL STRESS AUDIT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

INDIVIDUAL STRESS AUDIT - Essay Example has been compiled, those which I feel are potentially stressful in my life at present. I have also described the situation, which I actually currently experience as stressful. I have also described the stressful situation, which I handle well and which is not stressful any more now. I have also described the signs and symptoms of the stress I personally experience currently and the ways in which I presently attempt to manage my stress and the successful situations.   Accroding to LeFevre, Matheny and Kolt (2003), adverse situations or adverse influences make people respond differently and the response of the people can be described as a set of psychological and physical behaviour, which is called â€Å"stress†. They further added that the adverse situation or the adverse influence is an external force is called ‘stressor’ which acts on a person. De Charms (1968) defined stress as the psychological and physical changes in an individual due to external forces. Lis t of My Stressful Situations I wonder if there is any person who does not have any stressful situation in his/ her life. ... The selection committee of my university didn’t select me for the football team this year for my poor performance in the selection match 3. My father divorced my mother for another woman 4. My sister is dating with a boy whom I hate the most Situations 1. My roommate is a careless and fussy boy and he always keeps the room dirty and untidy 2. My friends and my girlfriend are angry with me as I am not able to give them adequate time since I am terribly occupied with my studies 3. My mother is broken after my father left and she is all alone at home. I need to meet her but I don’t have time Responsibilities 1. I have to score good grades in my finals so that I get a good job at the soonest 2. I have to earn my for myself and my mother and sister as there is no earning member in my family after my father 3. I have to buy a gift for my girlfriend as her birthday is close Pressures 1. I have the dual responsibility of scoring good grades and earning for my studies and liveli hood 2. I have to finish the project within two days which I have not started yet and I have a scarcity of time. 3. I need a good job as soon as possible but I need to pursue some professional courses for which I neither have time nor money Others 1. I am a very average looking person with a lean physique and with no charms in my personality and I hardly influence others 2. I am very shy and introvert Signs and Symptoms of Stress Above mentioned events, situations, responsibilities, pressures, etc. are quite stressful for me and they have affected me tremendously and I noticed many physical and psychological signs and symptoms when I am under stress. Most of the time I suffer from headaches and constipation and my mouth dries when I think about my stresses.

Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes Essay

Universally effective and desirable leadership attributes - Essay Example Essential leadership characteristics include: leadership inspiration (feeling the need to lead but not by searching for power/leadership forcefully), drive, self-confidence (this accounts for emotional stability as a leader), integrity and honesty, knowledge, and intellectual ability. There is little proof that versatility, creativeness and charisma are traits that should be exhibited by leaders. Our belief is that the important leadership traits always come in handy in enabling a leader to acquire skills necessary for coming up with a desired achievable vision and taking the necessary measures in the implementation of the vision. This is a paper that is interested in highlighting the effectiveness and desirability of leadership traits universally with regard to being an international leader. I will show, in this paper on universal effectiveness and desirable leadership attributes that are constituted and exhibited by an international leader, illustration and some examples of the traits that an international leader should exhibit. Leadership has been described by some as the procedure of public influence that one individual can solicit the help and assistance of other people in a bid to successfully perform and conclude a prevalent task. Another common definition of leadership is that it is a process in which a particular person influences a group of people for the achievement of a common vision. (Northouse, 2007, p3). A leader is that said to be the person in charge of the group accomplishing the task. He is the one with the ability to his influence and other traits while commanding a group for the accomplishment of the desired task. Concepts of leadership In accordance to Bass, the concept of leadership declares that there exist three primary approaches to describe how individuals are initiated to leadership (Bass, 1990, pp. 20). The approach depicted in the first two describes the leadership growth for some individuals. One of the concepts of leadership is that a person may rise to the occasion when an important event or a looming crisis occurs making the individual to behave like a leader and exhibit some of the important traits necessary for leadership. An example of such a leader is Nelson Mandela. He grew up i n South Africa a normal person like any other but due to the invasion of South Africa by colonialist he rose to the occasion to fight for the independence of his people and this made him recognised as a hero. This is called the great events concept. The other trait is referred to as the Trait concept (Schwartz 2010). This is the concept that says that some individual traits will act as a natural guide to people that will lead them leadership tasks/roles. The third concept is the process or transformational leadership concept. It states that leadership traits can be learnt and thus people have the ability to become leaders by choice. Global leadership The interdisciplinary research of the key components that leaders of the future in all areas of the personal expertise should obtain to successfully get familiar themselves with the emotional, physical, regional, anthropological, geopolitical and sociological results of globalization is referred to as global leadership (Hayes, 2011). Gl obal leadership takes place when a person or a group of people get around collaborative initiatives of distinct stakeholders through ecological sophistication towards a perspective by utilizing a global attitude. As an effect of styles, that start at colonialism and get perpetuated by the increase in press channels, advancement that come to being due to interconnection on networks

The Protectionist Policies of Developed World Essay Example for Free

The Protectionist Policies of Developed World Essay Globalization is the process of rapid global economic integration by both developed and undeveloped countries. The principle of globalization aims to facilitate lower transaction costs and barriers of the movement of capital and goods (Cable, 1999; in Manning and Baines, 2004), in which the said countries are involved.  Ã‚   It can be said that globalization is the world market and the supply chain is the pipeline that channels the flow of supply. However, globalization may cause smaller and weaker economic role players (such as developing countries) to be at a disadvantage whenever they trade with highly developed and more influential countries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the point of view of participating poor countries from Asia, Africa and the Middle East to the world market, the negotiations on economic protectionist policies have been formulated and executed through the GATT-WTO (Government Agreement on Tariff and Trade of the World Trade Organizations). The protectionist policies of participating economies representing the developed countries are embodied in the said organization. The negotiations, as cited, has been framed primarily on: (1) integration of agricultural trade rules of non-agricultural sectors, (2) incorporation of developing countries into the trade system, (3) management of trade impact of cash-out in farm support to countries under OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), and (4) provision of assurance on health and safety for consumers (Josling, 2003). In short, the framers of the negotiations under the GATT-WTO sufficed as the protective principles or safety net to the rules on participating in the world market. However, it is common knowledge within the agricultural and agro-industrial sector that among the impacts of the GATT-WTO to the poor and developing economies is its incapability to meet the volume of supply to the exporting countries, to which the efficiency of production is unable to sustain the given supply contract of exports. In this predicament, the ‘relatively poorer’ or developing countries would then cooperate with direct economic resource managements, exemplified by joint venture investments in the form of import and export—wherein foreign traders’ capital investment in manufacturing basically gains from cheap raw materials and labor. In effect, the poor and developing countries are dictated by the commodity pricing together with the ruling on supply regulation that has affected the domestic revenue generation. Another consideration on the impacts of the GATT-WTO to the poor and developing economies is its incapability to meet the volume of supply to the exporting countries, to which the efficiency of production is unable to sustain the given supply contract of exports. To cite an example, the withdrawal of cotton subsidy to several countries of Eastern and Western Africa has largely affected the production performance, in which cotton production in developing countries has significant role in poverty alleviation (Gillson, Balcombe, and Page, 2004). To cite, the GATT-WTO is taking part in agricultural trade reforms being represented by the rich and developed countries but benefit low-income farm households (Hertel, et.al., 2007). In this regard, it may be said that the protectionist policies of developed countries protect their interest at the global distribution and acquisition of economy. Therefore, despite the continuing negotiation on GATT-WTO, the restriction on agricultural trade has great impact to the poor and developing countries. On the other hand, the oversupplying of imported agricultural equipment and technologies that claim to enhance production efficiency serves the ploy of powerful countries to impose the requirements on exports and imports. The imposition of the so-called efficient and qualitative agricultural products remains a barrier to the poor and developing countries to compete in the world market. Thus, the ultimate impact is the over-dependency of the poor and developing countries to export-import economic orientation and controlling of the rich countries to the overall economic supply chain that amass the domestic distribution of economy and, in effect, leaves the poor countries in extreme poverty. List of References    Gillson, I., Poulton, C., Balcombe, K. and Page, S. (2004). Understanding the impact of Cotton Subsidies on developing countries. Working Paper [29 Febraury 2008] Josling, T. (2003) Key Issues in the World Trade Organization Negotiation on Agriculture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85(3), 663-67, American Agricultural   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economics Association. [29 February 2008] Leclair, M. (2002) Fighting the Tide: Alternative Trade Organizations in the Era of Global Free   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trade. World Development Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 949–958, 2002. Available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev [29 February 2008] Manning L. and Baines, R.N. (2004) Globalization: a study of the poultry-meat supply chain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available from [http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0007-070X.htm [29 February 2008] Steinberg, F. (2008) The Impact of the Emerging Powers on the World Economy. Real Instituto   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elcano (ARI) International Economy and Trade, Issue: 1 January 2008. [29 February 2008] Thomas W. Hertel, T., Keeney, R., Ivanic, M. and Winters, L.A. (2007) WTO agricultural reforms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economic Policy, Printed in Great Britain [29 February 2008]

A Study On The Adkar Model Management Essay

A Study On The Adkar Model Management Essay The purpose of this report is to understand the change management and the models which the organisation faces now. The report will also provide the recommendations for the organisation that can makes the organisation become less destructive while carry out the change and provide the tools of change. The structure of the report will consist 3 parts which are literature review, case study, and recommendation. Literature Review: Kurt Lewin know its important to form an integrated approach to bring about change at the group or organizational levels and contribute a 3-step change models. Lewin (1947a) stated that change process involved three steps in order to change efficiency and they are stage 1 (unfreezing), stage 2 (moving), and stage 3 (refreezing) (Lewin, 1947). Unfreezing step means make the correct situation for change to happens (London Management Centre, n.d.). Lewin argued that the stability needs to be weakened which means unfrozen (take away the old behaviour can be that lead to a new behaviour successfully adopted). Schein (1996) argued that the key for unfreezing is to recognise the individual or group level change and it were a profound psychological dynamic process. Moving stage is to create inspiration to learn but does not essentially control or predict the direction (Schein, 1996). Organisation should find out all the forces at work and identify and evaluate in order to get all the available options from trial or error basis (Lewin, 1947a). However, Lewin (1947a) also recognized that, without reinforcement, change will not last forever. The last stage of the model is refreezing. This stage is to recreate a stable atmosphere and elevates comfort levels by reconnecting people back into their familiar place (London Management Centre, n.d.). This is important as changes to individual behaviour will not be sustained unless group norms and routines are also been transformed and set. Therefore, it often requires changes to organizational norms, culture, practices and policies (Cummings and Huse, 1989). 3 steps model gives manager a framework that how to implement a change efficient, which can make the change process carried out fluently. The Kurt Lewin model can help a leader do the following three steps that helps to minimize the disruption of the structures operations, make a radical change, and make sure that the changes is sustainable (Morrison, 2010). Many have is argued that Lewins planned approach is too simplistic and mechanistic as organizational change happens everyday and open-ended process nowadays (Dawson, 1994 e Garvin, 1993). Lewin is seen as advocating a top-down, management approach to change and ignore the situations that require bottom-up change (Dawson, 1994). Lewins 3 steps change model can be used if there is a short term goals to meet and celebrate (Kotter, 1996). This is because people will start to resist to change if there is no short term wins. Lewin stated that organisations should establishing the goals and objectives. Organisation should reward people that involved with recognition, promotion or money (Kanter, 1993). 3 steps change model is more construct than content driven, describing competence using language such as team working, problem solving, and effective communication (French, 1999). Prosci had published ADKAR change model in 1998. The ADKAR model is used to know the change at an individual level and this will helps the organisation increase the successful rate for the changes (Hiatt, 2006). The model consist five elements that makes the changes successful: Awareness of the necessarily for change. Desire to do the change. Knowledge on change. Ability to carry out new skills and behaviors. Reinforcement to maintain the change. (Warrilow, 2010) The ADKAR model can helps to find out why changes are not functioning and help the organisation take the essential steps to make the change successful. Organisation will be able to break down the change into parts that can understand where the change is not functioning and address that impact point (Change Management Learning Center, 2007). The limitation for ADKAR model is fails to see the macro level of programme management (Warrilow, 2010). The author points out that the business environment now the restructuring, refocusing and re-engineering is only the start. Business leaders have to face the equally as it will have more problems of getting the staff to deliver their new vision that achieve the revenue forecasts. The fact is that people are not similar in the ways they behave. In this case, I will use Proscis ADKAR model. This is because Lewins 3 step model is too simple as what Dawson and Garvin highlighted and its not suitable for a big organisation that has high innovation. Therefore, its important for the organisation to identify the change element in order to make the change become efficient. Case Study: The model that the organisation used is the Prosci ADKAR model. Stuart Young dare to make the big change while the other organisations do not. Stuart Young consist of the 5 elements of ADKAR models which are awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement. The people within the organisation have the awareness of the need for change. Stuart makes the organisation struct become flatter. This helps the communication become more efficient. There are only less people beneath them. There is no foreman and supervisor. The team leaders will have the meeting with their group members and talk about the work that they done yesterday. People need to analyse it and then have the change. Commitment can be build easily by this way and make sure the people aware to change for better quality. The people within the organisation have the desire to change. For an example, the manager will not criticise their workers. This makes them have more responsible. They need to do well for motivate the people. The motivating will makes the employee have more desire to change when there is needed. The individuals of the organisation have the knowledge of how to change. Management personnel at Interlock are all expected to undertake re-training at least the course per year. The people will be trained and put at the right position. This will make the change become more efficient as the people have the knowledge and work at the place that are most suitable for them. The people must also have the ability to change and the employee have the ability. The employee has more responsible to do their job. This means that they need to deal with more problems. This makes them know how to do more things and have the ability to change when needed. The education systems also help to improve their ability. This is the reason Stuart Young believe in his employee. Lastly, there is a reinforcement to sustain the change. Stuart Young knows how to reinforce their employee although there are no incentive programs. Instead of the incentive programs, Stuart Young ensures the employees job security as job security is foremost in workers minds nowadays. This will make the employee willing to change while maintain the quality. A good leadership is needed in order to makes the changes become more efficient. This will also utilise the ADKAR model. Transformational leadership style should be used in order to make the changes efficient. Transformational leadership is leaders who encourage people to transcend their own self-interest and who are capable of having profound and extraordinary effect on their staff (Robbins, Millet, Waters-Marsh, 2004). According to Chemers (1997), transformational leadership have 4 factors: -Individualise consideration (degree to which the leaders treat each followers in a way that is equitable and satisfying, but differentiated from other followers). Inspiration motivation (reflect the quality and emotional appeal of the leaders vision rather than what public said). Intellectual stimulation (leader encourages the follower to question past ideas and supports subordinate to think independently and creatively). idealized influence / Charisma (reflects follower perceptions that the leader is trustworthy to achieve an important vision). Transformational leaders make the vision or mission of the group become clearer that will generate satisfied and innovative culture within workplace and personalise their interaction with others (Parry, 1996). Many people might like the transactional leadership style. The transactional leadership style has totally difference style compare to transformational leadership style. Transactional leadership style is to lead or stimulate people by clarifying the role and task requirement (Robbins et al., 2004). However, transformational is more towards the intangible factors while transactional leadership style is more tangible factors. Therefore, its better to have the transformational leadership style instead of the transactional leadership style as the people will always demand more. A research shows that transformational leadership style is better than transactional leadership style (Chemers Ayman, 1993). In this situation, the 4 factors of transformational leadership will improve the five elements (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) and thus makes the changes become more effective. The organisation has the ability to change. If the organisation can implement the transformational leadership style well, the organisation will sure change efficiently as the leadership can lead the organisation to have the particular elements to change well. Recommendations: Every organisations need to change when needed. However, its impossible for the organisation closes their business and carries out the changes. Therefore, some actions need to be taking in order to become less destructive. Change is a messy business that filled with complexity, multiple factors and many things that can lead the organisation towards failure. There are 3 broad areas that need to be included in any successful change initiative and have less destructive to the organisation, which are: Leadership that directly addresses the different dimensions of those affected by the change, and the motivation. Address the multiple factors of the models which is ADKAR models. Action management that can helps people on the matter that is useable for the change. (Warrilow, 2010) In order to do well in this, the tools of change can be used to make the change become better. There is a tool that can managing meeting and collecting ideas is brainstorming. Brainstorming is a technique that enables a team to generate lots of ideas in only a few minutes without criticism and judgement (Queensland Health, 1999). Brainstorming encourages people in identifying the cause and solutions to the problems. This can get a large group to work constructively together and solve the problem during the change process. Total Quality Management (TQM) is other tool of change. TQM refers to a management process directed at establishing organised continuous improvement activities, involving everyone in an organisation in a totally integrated effort toward improving performance at every level (Almaraz, 1994: 9). This will makes organisation make the change with full force that makes the change become more efficient. The implementation of TQM involves: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ focus on work processes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ explicit identification and measurement of customer (both internal and external) requirements à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ analysis of variability à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ use of cross-functional teams à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ management by fact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ learning and continuous improvement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ use of process-management heuristics The other tool is organisatinal development. The term organisational development (or OD) is a set of behavioural science-based theories, values, strategies, and techniques aimed at the planned change of organisational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organisational performance, through the alteration of organisational members on-the-job behaviours that are definitely helps a lots for the change process. (Porras and Robertson, 1992: 722) OD interventions view different aspects of this setting as levers for change that are able to prompt desired behaviours. These include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ organising arrangements which include goals, strategies, structure, policies and procedures, administrative systems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ social factors which include culture, management style, interaction processes, individual attributes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ physical setting which include ambience, interior design, space configuration, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ technology which include IT, tools, equipment and machinery, job design, work flow design, technical expertise, technical systems and procedures. With enough development, the people will always have the sufficient skill that will helps them manage well in change process. Conclusion: The report had provides the 2 difference change models which are Lewins 3 step model and Proscis ADKAR model. The case shows that the organisation has the ability to change well. Its better for them to have transformational leadership to make the change become more efficient. The recommendations that provided are: Less Destructive ways Leadership that directly addresses the different dimensions of those affected by the change, and the motivation. Address the multiple factors of the models which is ADKAR models. Action management that can helps people on the matter that is useable for the change. Tools of change Brainstorming Total Quality Management (TQM) Organisational Development

The Great Gatsby Essay -- Literary Analysis, F. Scott Fitzgerald

The Great Gatsby as a Representative of the Jazz Age The notorious portrayal of the 1920s is often characterized as an era of abundant prosperity, lavish lifestyles, and â€Å"new aged† philosophies. This image, however, was only the surface of a skewed decade filled with deep cultural discord. Underneath all the glitz and glamour of the racy flappers and the fiery jazz bands was a dueling battle of old school Victorian ways versus new aged America (Mintz). This glorious â€Å"jazz age,† as Mr. Fitzgerald put it himself, was â€Å"an age of miracles, and age of art, an age of excess, and it was an age of satire† (Sickles). After WWI ended in 1918, The American society experienced an abrupt age of economic and cultural miracles (McDougal Littell Inc 425). What was once a country in great turmoil and despair had rapidly become a country rising into power, wealth, and prosperity. With this great change also came an enormous transformation of the American way of life (412). Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby captured this transformation exceptionally well with its representation of east egg and west egg, as symbols of societies ever-changing cultural views (Fitzgerald 101). Fitzgerald’s â€Å"eggs† were two land masses in New York’s Long Island Sound that were separated by a small bay of water. Although they were only a short distance away from each other, the two eggs served as social barriers which were not to be crossed (9). The east egg was reserved for New York’s aristocratic social class that had been brought up in the pre-war Victorian era. It represented the ma ny wealthy family chains who wanted to keep their elite social status and way of life the same, like how it was before WWI (10). The west egg, however, was home to a new breed of Ame... ...s. Tom and Daisy showed their true colors, by using their social status and the power of money to bail them out of the inevitable truth: their cowardice was to blame for Myrtle and Gatsby’s untimely deaths (Fitzgerald 187). Instead of showing Mr. Gatsby the decency of appearing at his funeral, they simply moved to another home to forget their shameful past (172). Every Saturday Jay Gatsby threw elaborate parties filled with crowds of people, yet at his funeral none of his â€Å"friends† were there (Richards). This coincided with the 1920s hedonistic way of life. None the less, â€Å"Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us†¦ tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther†¦. And one fine morning- So we beat on. Boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past† (Nick Carraway, qtd. in Fitzgerald 189).

The Joys of Skydiving Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about myself

It was a warm and sunny Saturday morning when my friend, Sivi, and I left our home to travel to the small local airport located outside of town. Just the previous night we had received 4 hours of classroom training in how to perform a successful "Skydive" and now we would receive 4 more hours of practical, hands-on training. Sivi and I have spent a lot of time talking with, and taking care of Senior Citizens on a volunteer basis. Through many conversations, we discovered that one of the major regrets that people have, as the near the end, is that they didn't experience everything that they wanted to when they were younger. The major reason for this was fear. Fear that they would fail or fear that they might be injured. Sivi and I had decided years ago that we would never allow fear to prevent us from trying something new. Now, in our middle and late forties, we had decided to voluntarily jump out of a perfectly good airplane just for the experience of doing so. When we arrived at the airport, there were about 10 other people. Most of them were men and we were the only couple. Of course the first matter of business was to read and sign a waiver that stated that we would NOT hold the skydiving school liable if our jump turned out to be, shall we say, less than perfect. I must admit that this certainly brought out some of the apprehension that Sivi and I had managed to bury deep inside ourselves. Next, we were sent to a shed where there were several sets of coveralls. Here we were instructed to pick out a pair of coveralls and a helmet that fit (as best as possible) and put them on. I must say that I felt more than a little silly wearing a pair of torn and uncomfortably tight coveralls ... ...ove the ground, I yanked down on the parachute control straps with all of my strength. The parachute got more air, and I slowed, almost to a standstill, and gently touched the ground. As my feet touched the Earth, I went into my roll and then stood back up. No broken bones or bruises. Sivi, immediately came out to greet me, and we both felt a great sense of relief and pride. Once again we managed to overcome our fears and experience something that cannot be imagined or viewed like a movie, but must be felt. As we walked to our car, we realized just how much the day had taken out of us physically. We were both bruised and sore from our practice jumps into the gravel pit and very tired. But, at the same time, our souls felt warm and satisfied at discovering that we could overcome our fears and experience the joy and freedom of skydiving.

Quotes from All My Sons by Arthur Miller Essay

CHARACTORS Joe Keller â€Å"I saw your factory on the way from the stations. It looks like general motors†p150 Allusion-Savy businessman â€Å"Well that’s only your business, Chris†p100 Inability to stand up to Kate â€Å"in hopeless fury, looks at her, turns around, goes up the porch, and into the house slamming screen door violently behind him† p126 Shows he can be neurotic â€Å"Chris†¦ Chris, I did it for you†¦For you! A business for you.†p158 Keller deals with guilt by blaming others and unfortunately taints his love for his son â€Å"A man can’t be a Jesus in this world†p169 Allusion He is realistic but slightly jaded you can try to fulfil your moral and social responsibility â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that I’ll put a bullet in my head!†p163 Dramatic irony and prolepsis- family is the most important thing for him commendable but leads to his downfall as he convinces himself that he shipped the cylinder heads for his family rather than himself â€Å"(Chris with admiration) Joe McGuts†p116 He is very brave â€Å"But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were† p170 Recognition that he has social responsibility can’t live with the realisation â€Å"I can’t sleep here; I’ll feel better if I go†p170 He shows determination there is a metaphorical recognition that he needs to die he is admirable even in death â€Å"The†¦man who knows how many minutes a day his workers spend in the toilet† p59 He has worked hard to be successful he has tried to follow the American dream â€Å"I’m surprised you remember his birthday, Frank. That’s nice.†p91 Exudes self-confidence and likeability â€Å"I want a clean start for you, Chris† p124 Does love his son â€Å"Joe wants to bring you into the business when you get out†p135 Emphaises his benign nature by referring to himself in the third person-When he gets scared he tries to buy people off Kate Keller â€Å"If I tell this to Mother and she has a fit about it† p100 Shows Kate is mentally unstable, has not accepted that Larry is dead and is protected by Joe and Chris. Adds to the tension of the play as we realise she might not be able to hold it together â€Å"Your brother’s alive, darling, because if he’s dead, your father killed him†¦God does not let a son be killed by his father† p156 Dramatic irony Kate reveals her supposition and her desperation to keep Larry alive in her mind as her argument is not a good one â€Å"(Mother smashes him across the face)†p155 Onomatopoeia-Shows she is capable of violence â€Å"It takes a certain talent-for lying. You have it and I do. But not him† p160 Shows that Kate has known about Keller’s deceit all along. Highlights the theme of deceit â€Å"(She finds herself reaching out for the glass of water and aspirin)† p109 From a Freudian view point her emotional turmoil is manifesting itself as physical illness â€Å"Be smart now, Joe. The boy is coming. Be smart† p126 Repetion-Shows that she wants to manipulate George â€Å"(frightened at the thought you can’t say that to her)† p99 Shows she is a difficult character to understand and is neurotic as even her husband and son don’t know how she’s going to react â€Å"He hasn’t been laid up in fifteen years† p152 Colloquial-Shows her careless side and shows she is a little bit stupid â€Å"The minute there’s trouble you have no strength†p162 Uses illness to manipulate characters to act benignly towards her â€Å"Forget now. Live†p171 Clearly loves Chris â€Å"I ‘m smarter than any of you†p148 Shows she knows she can manipulate them â€Å"I’ll find you a girl and put a smile on your face.. You remember Mr Macy’s daughter† p149 Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d-Shows her manipulation can be a benign force Chris Keller â€Å"Because sometimes I think you’re†¦ ashamed of the money†p124 Hesitation dosen’t want to talk about crime Reveals Keller’s suspicion that Chris is aware of his crime. It shows that Chris is an idealist â€Å"Oh, Chris, you’re a liar to yourself†p143 Shows Chris is self-deceiving â€Å"Everytime I reach out for something I have to pull back because other people will suffer†p100 Shows he is selfless â€Å"Oh Annie, I’m going to make a fortune for you!†p122 Hypocritical of Chris shows an idealism commercialism clash â€Å"It’s time she realised that nobody believes Larry is alive anymore† Only acts on his idealism when it suits him has let Kate pretend that Larry is alive for the last three years until he wants to marry his wife shows his hypocrisy â€Å"But I’m just like everyone else now†p166 Shows Chris’ arrogance in thinking that he was special â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me practical†p166 Repetition of practical highlights it’s significanceSignals Chris’s conversion from Idealism to pragmatism â€Å"A man can be a Jesus in this world†p169 Idea of Chris as Christ figure if you take his name metaphorically just add t to his name this is reinforced by this quotation Ann Dever â€Å"I’d like you to tell him that Larry is dead and you know it† p165 Stands up for what she thinks is right â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no Father†p117 Ashamed of her Father’s role in the shop incident and deludes herself that Keller is right based on very little evidence â€Å"I want you to set him free and then I promise you everything will end†p164 Ann tires of moral responsibility like Chris she loses her idealism and becomes more realistic she abandons her father for a chance to be happy â€Å"The female version† of Chrisp132 Gives up her idealism for pragmatism (starting a new life with Chris) is responsible for tragedy â€Å"This is filthy, didn’t you bring another shirt?†p138 Ann acts as a maternal force for George â€Å"You understand me? I’m not going out of here alone. There’s no life for me that way. P164 Determined to get what she wants won’t listen to others George Dever â€Å"say, you’ve gotten a little nervous, haven’t you†p139 Uncomfortable in the role of justice â€Å"Because you believed it† p143 Trusts Chris â€Å"I’ll find you a girl and put a smile on your face†p149 Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d-He is swayed by the promise of a happy and easy life â€Å"You look terrible, George†p150 Standing up for his father has taken a toll â€Å"I told you to marry that girl† Lost out by being in the war Jim and Sue Bayliss â€Å"It takes a certain talent for lying. You have it and I do. But not him†p160 Jim wants to be idealistic but has sold out to become a good father â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim sacrifices his dream of being a researcher and his idealism â€Å"I told her to take up the guitar. It’d be a common intrest for them† p110 Kate believes the Bayliss’ have too little in common â€Å"Everybody knows Joe pulled a fast one to get out of Jail† p131 Colloquial-Show that the neighbourhood think Joe’s guilty foreshadows revelation that he is adds tension â€Å"They give him credit for being smart† p132 Colloquial-Show that Keller is well liked and respected Frank and Lydia Lubey â€Å"I’ve studied the stars of his life! Somewhere in this world your brother is alive!†p154 Satirical and dramatic irony Discredits fate as a force in this play as Larry is dead â€Å"Does dad expect a parole soon?† p114 Both have a habit of making tactless comments which makes them disagreeable despite their amicable nature â€Å"You’re still making your own clothes? Ain’t she classy† p147 Demonstrative of a couple living the American dream THEMES Confession â€Å"The structure of a play is always the story of how the birds come home to roost† Miller There is always the discovery of the past and a confession this is what makes a good tragedy â€Å"Forget Now. Live†p171 Short scentances-The confession is for the better â€Å"[Desperately. Lost]†p164 The confession evokes pity/fear â€Å"The star of one’s honesty†¦ he (Chris) probably just wanted to be alone to watch his star go out†p160 This is the effect a confession has on others â€Å"[hopless fury]†p126 Simile Causes anger â€Å"I was afraid†p158 Difficult to confess emphasised by short sentences â€Å"I’m not trying to hurt you Kate† â€Å"My God†p165-166 Confession usually causes pain Guilt and Shame â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no Father†p117 Colloquial-Ashamed of her Father’s role in the shop incident â€Å"Chris†¦ Chris, I did it for you†¦For you! A business for you.†p158 Keller deals with guilt by blaming others â€Å"What am I, a stranger? I thought I had a family here, what happened to my family?†p161 Repetition of family Guilt and shame plays a role in the development of Keller’s relationship with his father â€Å"I can’t look at you this way, I can’t look at myself†p168 Keller’s confession leads to shame for Chris â€Å"(She finds herself reaching out for the glass of water and aspirin)†p109 Kate is so ashamed of her deception she has a mental and physical breakdown from a Freudian viewpoint â€Å"(a shot is heard in the house)†p171 Shame and guilt over the cylinder heads could arguably lead to this but I think If this had been the case Keller would have killed himself a long time ago instead I think larry and Chris’s disownal of him and his realisation that he has a social responsibility cause him to kill himself he tries to make amends by killing himself and thus exonerating steeve and his family â€Å"I can’t live with myself anymore†p169 Larry kills himself because of guilt that he has helped build a business that has killed American pilots and shame that his father and father-in-law have made a decision that kills his compatriots. â€Å"They killed themselves for each other†p121 Chris has survivors guilt he feels responsible for everyone Deception â€Å"I suspected my father and did nothing about it†p166 Chris is self-deceiving â€Å"But there’s God so certain thing s can never happen†¦Ann, you know I’m right!† p113 Dramatic irony-Kate is self deceiving she gives a flimsy argument and clearly doesn’t truly believe that Larry will come back as she’s horrible to Ann so if he ever does come back Ann will not want Kate to be part of their life â€Å"It takes a certain talent for lying. You have it and I do. But he (Chris) doesn’t†p160 This is Chris’ tragic flaw â€Å"Poplars cut off view† p89 Delusion that Keller can cut himself off from the world Loss â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me Practical†p166 Repetition of practical Chris sacrifices his idealism for his family â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim sacrifices his dream of being a researcher â€Å"Chris, I did it for you† p158 Keller sacrifices his morality for his family â€Å"I thought I had a family here. What happened to my family? P161 Loss of relationship between Keller and Chris and Kate â€Å"I told you to marry that girl† p148 Loss of future between George and Lydia â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Colloquial Loss of relationship between Ann and Steve â€Å"I was going to tell them†¦ it was too late† p157 Clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d Loss of opportunity to warn about the faulty parts â€Å"four-foot high stump† p89 Symbolises the loss of Larry â€Å"Because if he’s not coming back, then I’ll kill myself† p107 Bathos How Kate deals with loss of Larry = loss of mental stability â€Å"We’re like at a railway station waiting for a train that never comes in† p106 Simile Chris deals with loss of Larry by trying to move on â€Å"[Increasing demand]†p113 Conflict over different ways of dealing with the past and the loss of Larry each character tries to get their point across â€Å"Those dear dead days beyond recall†p110 alliterationLoss of the benign past â€Å"I want a clean start for you, Chris† p124 Idiom Deals with loss of past by breaking from it â€Å"Let’s†¦ raise some hell around here, like we used to before Larry went!† p110 idiomAnn deals with past by resurrecting it Suicide â€Å"I can’t bear to live any more†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I read about dad being convicted†p169 Larry commits suicide because of guilt does this make him a coward or a tragic hero? â€Å"If he’s not coming back I’ll kill myself†p107 Bathos Irony as Larry has killed himself foreshadows this discovery â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that I’ll put a bullet in my head!†p163 Bathos Dramatic irony â€Å"You stop that!† p163 Short scentance emphaises shockMother’s reaction to suicide â€Å"[A shot is heard in the house]† p171 Keller’s reaction to Larry’s suicide â€Å"They killed themselves for each other†p121 Chris has a different attitude to suicide than his parents War profiteering â€Å"What you have is loot and it has blood on it†p121 Metaphor Chris is ashamed of it â€Å"Did they ship a gun or a truck out of Detroit before they got their price?†p168 Allusion-Realism argument it is too idealistic to expect people to work for nothing â€Å"Chris, I did it for you† p158 Keller’s attitude is that war profiteering is fine if it is done for the family â€Å"But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were† p170 Shows Keller’s change of mind he can no longer justify war profiteering through his family he now believes he has social and moral responsibility Moral Responsibility â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim neglected being true to himself â€Å"The star of one’s honesty†¦ he probably just wanted to be alone to watch his star go out†p160 Simile Lack of honesty from all characters even eventually Chris â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Colloquial Lack of forgiveness from Ann and initially George â€Å"I said he’s dead.I know!†p165 Ann shows moral responsibility when she bravely tries to convince broken pscyotic women that her son is dead as she has found out â€Å"I can’t bear to live anymore†p169 Larry can’t forgive â€Å"I want you to set him free and then I promise you everything will be at an end†p164 Metaphor Ann tires of moral responsibility â€Å"I can’t look at you this way. I can’t look at myself†p169 Can’t emphasised Chris finds it hard to forgive and stay true to himself â€Å"A man can’t be a Jesus in this world†p169 Allusion Keller lies about Steve and his involvement with the faulty parts Social responsibility â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that then I’ll put a bullet through my head†p163 Irony and bathos Keller’s initial delusion about social responsibility his journey through the play is the discovery that there is more than this â€Å"But I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were† p170 Recognition that he has social responsibility can’t live with the realisation â€Å"To him the world had a forty-foot front; it ended at the building line†p163 Shows Larry initially ignored his social responsibility â€Å"I can’t bear to live any more†p169 Realises he has social responsibility and that he has been indirectly forced by his father to neglect this but does he neglect his social responsibility by killing himself taking a pilot away from benefiting his country? Heroism â€Å"A hero is someone who has given his or her life to something bigger than oneself† Joseph Campbell (American folklorist) A tragic hero is â€Å"A man not pre-eminently virtuous and just, whose misfortune however, is brought upon him not by vice or depravity but by some error of judgement† Aristotle Miller was aware of this definition â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that then I’ll put a bullet through my head†p163 Bathos and irony Joe is a hero according to Campbell’s definition â€Å"Forget now. Live†p171 Short scentances show shock Through death he is able to save his family from long term suffering â€Å"I can’t sleep here; I’ll feel better if I go†p170 He shows determination there is a metaphorical recognition that he needs to die â€Å"Well that’s only your business Chris†p100 He doesn’t want to confront his wife so he becomes alienated from his son Chris knows Keller is â€Å"no worse than no men. I thought you were better. I never saw you as a man. I saw you as my father†p168 Cylinder heads cause break with Chris and tragedy â€Å"I suspected my father and did nothing about it†p166 Chris is self-deceiving although it could be argued that fate takes a part as Keller’s deception could have remained hidden from the outside world through the court paper. Keller’s mistake has already destroyed his family the real tragedy as everything he’s worked for has been for them â€Å"for you, a business for you† â€Å"She finds herself reaching out for the glass of water and asprin†p109 Causes a mental and physical deterioration for Kate â€Å"Oh my God†p166 Refuses to believe her son is dead despite all the evidence â€Å"I’d hoped that if I waited, mother would forget Larry and then we’d have a regular wedding and everything happy, but if that can’t happen then I’ll have to get out of here†p101 Ironically Mother drives Chris away by refusing to agree with the evidence â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Abandons her father and believes Joe only to find out she was wrong to do so â€Å"Oh Chris, I’ve been ready for a long, long time† p120 Repetition of long Although she is not responsible for Larry’s death a great tragedy in her life she does kill his memory by getting engaged with Chris â€Å"The female version† of Chrisp132 Gives up her idealism for pragmatism (starting a new life with Chris) is responsible for tragedy â€Å"He won the war, Frank†p148 George lost the love of his life to Frank â€Å"I told you when you went away, don’t try for medals†p145 Aphorism He was initially eager to get away from the neighbourhood and become a soldier â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim is responsible for his own tragedy but is a hero as he remains a good husband and conformed to the prosaic â€Å"The world had a forty-foot front it ended at the building line†p163 Larry recognises that this is not the case and tries to make amends for it by suicidially fighting for his country Return of the Past â€Å"The past is always present and cannot be ignored, forgotten or denied† Centola Idealism vs. Commercialism Chris, Jim, George and Ann vs. Joe and Sue â€Å"When you marry never count your husband’s money p110 Aphorism The majority of the characters advocate idealism over commercialism â€Å"Because sometimes I think you’re†¦ ashamed of the money†p124 Hesitation shows conflict Keller thinks Commercialism can act as a benign force â€Å"Oh Annie, I’m going to make a fortune for you!†p122 Hypocritical of Chris â€Å"For you, a business for you†p158 Keller and Chris have the same attitude when they have a family they both ultimately want to work for them â€Å"The business! The business doesn’t inspire me†p102 More interested in idealism but has still sold out for money but in denial that he’s done so â€Å"And he’s got money. That’s important, you know†p130 Suggests that Chris can afford to be idealistic sue values materialism â€Å"As soon as a woman supports a man, he owes her something. You can never owe somebody something without resenting them†p130 Money affects relationships â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim has made a compromise between the two â€Å"Joe wants to bring you into the business when you get out† p135 Uses the third person Compromise between commercialism and idealism he knows Steve will not want to work for the better of the business â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me Practical†p166 Repetition of practical Chris sacrifices his idealism for his family Family Relationships Keller Family Keller and Larry â€Å"If Larry were alive he wouldn’t act like this. That was a boy we lost. Larry.†p163 Irony Larry is his favourite son he understands him â€Å"I think to him they were all my sons. And I guess they were†p170 Keller is prepared to change his views for Larry Keller and Chris â€Å"I’ve been a good son too long, a good sucker†p102 Colloquial They don’t understand each other but are ultimately prepared to make compromises for each other â€Å"Chris†¦Chris, I did it for you†p154 Keller taints there relationship by trying to put the blame for the cylinder heads on Chris â€Å"I’m his father and he’s my son and if there’s something bigger than that then I’ll put a bullet through my head†p163 Irony and bathos Shows that he does love Chris Chris and Larry â€Å"(Chris is discovered sawing the broken-off tree, leaving stump standing alone)†p127 Tries to clear away Larry’s memory Mother and Chris â€Å"She’s Larry’s girl†p155 Colloquial Seems to care about Larry more â€Å"Forget now. Live†p171 Short scentances Her maternal side comes out to Chris once Larry is dead Mother and Larry Irony and bathos â€Å"Because if he’s not coming back then I’ll kill myself†p107 Can’t let go of Larry â€Å"I knew I could stop him†p105 Irony Believes she can save Larry Keller and Kate â€Å"I wear the pants and she beats me with the belt†p150 Kate emotionally blackmails Keller Deever Family â€Å"Ann, George and their absent father might be viewed as the opposite of the Keller’s† Ann and Steve â€Å"It’s wrong to pity a man like that. Father or no father†p117 Colloquial Abandons her father and believes Joe with little evidence â€Å"I’ll do nothing about Joe† p164 Sacrifices Steve being exonerated for her future happiness Ann and George â€Å"You’re coming with me†p144 He is prepared to sacrifice her happiness for his idealism they don’t have a very strong relationship â€Å"This is filthy, didn’t you bring another shirt?†p138 Ann acts as a maternal force for George Steve and George â€Å"I didn’t see him once when I got home from the war!†p141 George initially chooses idealism over his father Wears â€Å"(your fathers)† hat139 Eventually compromises and wears his hat as he loves him Lubey Family â€Å"I don’t know why you can’t learn to turn on a simple thing like a toaster!† p94 Demonstrative of the perfect family without idealism living the American dream American Dream â€Å"The American dream is a subjective term usually implying a successful and satisfying life. Perceptions of the American dream are usually framed in terms of American capitalism, and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S. Bill of rights† â€Å"I’ll get out. I’ll get married and live some place else†p101 Freedom â€Å"I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can give myself to†p102 Tricolon of want Belief that you can achieve what ever you want if you work hard for it â€Å"I don’t know why you can’t learn to turn on a simple thing like a toaster!† p94 Demonstrative of the perfect family without idealism living the American dream â€Å"I†¦ studied a certain disease. It was beautiful. And then she came, and she cried. And I went back home with her. And now I live in the usual darkness† p160 Repetition of she and her Jim sacrifices his dream of being a researcher he is not living the American dream â€Å"I was the beast†¦ Except I wasn’t†¦ Fourteen months later I had of the best shops in the state again, a respected man again; bigger than ever.† P116 Metaphor Failure of American dream should be in prison as has broken the law Hope â€Å"She’s dreaming about him again†p99 Kate hopes that Larry will return â€Å"I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can give myself to†p102 Tricolon-Ann and Chris want to marry and be successful-live the American dream â€Å"Chris†¦Chris, I did it for you†p158 Keller wants to provide a significant amount for his family Humour â€Å"I would love to help humanity on a Warner Brothers salary†p93 Foils provide comic relief in act 1 contrast to later tragedy â€Å"My love, My light†p93 Sarcasm from Jim â€Å"I like to keep abreast of my ignorance†p96 Major character is introduced through humour contrast to his serious and idealistic nature â€Å"Don’t talk dirty (They laugh)†p134 Keller provides comic relief in act two and makes him more likeable Justice Justice is a main theme within the play ‘All My Sons’, and an example of justice being symbolised is the idea of Joe telling the children that he has a jail in the basement of his house.Although simple, this metaphor is quite powerful, as it suggests to the audience that he could be hiding more than just a basement to the people of the street. It could also suggest that he is keeping justice locked away within the Keller house, and as the children keep asking about the jail, there is an underlying idea that the truth about Joe could surface sometime within the play. ‘I spoiled the both of you’ Something that is apparent throughout the book is the amount of money that Joe has earned through his business. Some may assume that Keller bribed his way out of prison, due his frequent reference to, as well as his constant reliance on money. He uses this later in the play as a way to try and justify to his family that if he had gone to jail then he wouldn’t have been able to make all this money for them. â€Å"Everybody knows Joe pulled a fast one to get out of jail†. Whilst this may first seem as a cheap dig at the Kellers, this is confirmed when Jim says (to Kate) â€Å"I’ve always known†. This would be negatively viewed, as because of these actions an innocent man (Steve) is in jail instead of Joe. Therefore, the characters are just as guilty as Joe for letting an innocent man rot in jail. â€Å"if [George and Anne] wanted to open up the case again†. Joe’s prediction is actually correct though, and it is the arrival of George which helps to uncover the truth about the cylinder heads. George therefore does a very good job or prosecuting Joe. A clever inclusion into the play is that George is actually involved with the law, as opposed to it just being a metaphor, like the other parts of the courtroom analogy. We get this idea through Chris’ question to him â€Å"How’s the law†. â€Å"You’re not even an animal, no animal kills his own, what are you?† â€Å"I’m not going to do anything about it† Throughout almost all of the play Chris, Anne and Kate represent Joe’s defence.Chris suddenly becomes a prosecutor, voicing his fury and shame to his father Perhaps here we see a highly uncaring side of Anne, as she will gladly let her father rot in prison even though she now knows that he is innocent. Religion â€Å"Every Sunday ought to be like this†p90 The play starts on a sunday morning which is a religious time of the week â€Å"chris† Chris’ name could be interpreted as ‘Christ’ which would suggest a kind of moral superiority that he at least tries to achieve â€Å"downstage, stands the four-foot high stump of a slender apple-tree whose upper branches lie toppled beside it, fruit still clinging to its branches†p89 The apple tree is incredibly important in terms of religious symbolism. It obviously has connotations of the tree of knowledge – the tree which was in the story of Adam and Eve. It’s significant that it’s there as it is an indication of the ‘fall’ that’s about to happen (in the same way that eve fell from god’s grace by eating the apple). It represents in this sense the knowledge of Larry’s death and the real causes. â€Å"living next door to the holy family† p131 The tree is a holy symbol however it is broken.the broken tree signifies that in reality, the Keller’s aren’t as ‘holy’ as they seem. â€Å"the trouble with you is that you don’t believe in anything† â€Å"now I live in the usual darkness† My personal opinion is that Jim represents non belief in terms of religion. The idea that he lives in darkness suggests that there is no light from religion in his life. And perhaps his unhappiness is a result of this non belief. Although, as an alternative interpretation, you could say that the way he admires Chris (â€Å"he meets a man and makes a statue out of him† p131) and the fact that Chris could be interpreted as ‘Christ’ means that he isn’t a total non believer. â€Å"Nobody in this house dast take her faith away, Joe† p 107 Although this is a references to Ann’s faith in Larry, it potentially has further reaching meaning. The use of â€Å"dast† is not in keeping with the general colloquial tone of the dialogue in the play, so it stands out. It almost sounds as if it could have been quoted from the bible. It is keeping with the idea that Mother is hijacking religion as reasoning behind her argument that Larry is alive â€Å"I never believed in crucifying people† p117 Keller says this, and although it’s clearly a view that he has gained because he is guilty, it’s also representative of a forgiving figure. However, it’s also incredibly ironical since he’s put Steve through jail for something he didn’t do which is worse than crucifiction . â€Å"He was falsely accussed once and it put him through hell† p133 Chris says this to Ann and the irony is that Keller lied and put Steve in prison actions that Christians believe would put him through hell the next time he is accused he will commit suicide an action Christians also believe will result in the perpetrater going to hell â€Å"George, you don’t want to be the voice of God, do you?† p140 â€Å"And truer love hath no man!† p 148 it has biblical echoes. â€Å"Is it junk to feel that that there’s a greater power than ourselves?† p 154 â€Å"That’s all, nothing more til Christ comes†. P155 There’s great irony in this statement from Chris. By â€Å"til Christ comes† he’s refering to Judgement day (and therefore implying that they should never talk about the problem again). But in reality, judgement day is approaching (the day when the truth emerges and the day of Keller’s death). â€Å"God does not let a son be killed by his father† p 156 This is the whole concept that has led to Kate’s adamant belief that Larry is still alive. Play Act One The Keller’s home is describe as a ‘secluded atmosphere’ and something about ‘poplar trees’. This creates he effect of the Kellers home in having something to hide perhaps, which is reinforced by anne’s comment that ‘the poplars have gotten thick’. Also Their house is described as ‘on the outskirts of an american town’. Well ‘an’ could suggest that this does not only apply to the Keller’s, but the whole of american society including the audience who are viewing the play. Also look at Frank entrance. He ‘saunters in’ creating a sense of mystery and slowness about the place. Also look at the introduction to the materialistic goods such as the ‘malt mixer’, something which would have been fairly new, considering the context. Also there is a lot in Chris war speech, you could basically write a page on that single section and it is also good for linking in with the section ou ha ve been asked. Remeber, always link this section to the rest of the play, without this you won’t get an A. Act Two Act Three